Comparing Knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations on First...

Comparing Knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy and Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Rationalists would claim that knowledge comes from reason or ideas, while empiricists would answer that knowledge is derived from the senses or impressions. The difference between these two philosophical schools of thought, with respect to the distinction between ideas and impressions, can be examined in order to determine how these schools determine the source of knowledge. The distinguishing factor that determines the perspective on the foundation of knowledge is the concept of the divine. Descartes is a prime example of a rationalist. Descartes begins his Meditations on First†¦show more content†¦Once the certainty of Res Cogitans is developed, clear and distinct perceptions are replaced with clear and distinct ideas. It is these ideas from which Descartes derive knowledge, including the existence of Res Extensa (corporeal things). Therefore, Descartes, a rationalist, derives his knowledge from ideas and reason, all of which stem from an instance of natural light. The empiricists, however, do not believe in natural light and therefore do not hold knowledge to be derived from these innate ideas. David Hume is one of these empiricists. Hume was a scientist and an atheist; his occupation and beliefs disallowed him from holding innate ideas to be a valid basis for knowledge. In An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Hume points out a hierarchy that exists among ideas and impressions: â€Å"the most lively thought is still inferior to the most lively impression† (Hume: 10). Hume also establishes that for all of his ideas he can trace them back to impressions, those for things which he has not had impressions of he cannot have an idea. â€Å"What never was seen, or heard of, may yet be conceived:† (Hume: 11) â€Å"A blind man can form no notion of colours; a deaf man of sounds† (Hume: 12). From these impressions and ideas stem two kinds of knowledge: relations of ideas and matters of fact. Relation of ideas are a priori and do not need to beShow MoreRelatedDescartes and Hume: A Look at Skepticism and Finding Stability915 Words   |  4 PagesRenà © Descartes was a skeptic, and thus he believed that in order for something to be considered a true piece of knowledge, that â€Å"knowledge must have a certain stability,† (Cottingham 21). In his work, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes concludes that in order to achieve this stability, he must start at the foundations for all of his opinions and find the basis of doubt in each of them. David Hume, however, holds a different position on skepticism in his work An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding

Ancient Greece And Persian Empires - 2564 Words

The Greece and Persian Empires There were four great multicultural Empires in our world’s history Ancient Greece, The Roman Empire, Persia and China. I am going to focus on Ancient Greece and the Persian Empire, what geographical features did each region offer to help the people build these great empires, what were some of the cultures of this empires, and what changes did they have over time? Going further into details on the Persian Empire, who were two of the leaders and what contributions did they make to Persia, what methods did they use to expand the region and gain power? How did the political system change over time? Ancient Greece is found to be on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, due to its location it was possible to trade with other parts of the area and not depend solely on crops grown in the area. The region of the Mediterranean where Greece is found is on the coast of the Aegean Sea it contains rugged mountains, and valleys. Being on the coast made the use of ships necessary this also put the people of Greece at risk for land attacks from armies bigger than the Greek armies. Also the region was at risk for volcanos, large ocean storms, and catastrophic earthquakes that could destroy cities without notice. In Persia there were two groups of people who settled the in the region who left a major impact on the area’s history the Medes and the Persians. The Medes were found in the Zagros Mountains, and the Persians were found lower in the plains along theShow MoreRelatedThe Battles Between The Persian Empire And Ancient Greece1360 Words   |  6 PagesNanjing University, China Battle of Thermopylae, which occurred ten years after the Battle of Marathon in the first Bohemia War, is another famous historical clash between the Persian Empire and ancient Greece. In Thermopylae, Spartans resisted for days, blocked the powerful Persian army from conquering Greek. In BC 490, the Persian army crossed the Aegean Sea and landed on the Marathon plain in the first Bohemian war, encroaching the Athens. Athenians defended at emergency in the one hand and turnedRead MoreThe War Of The Persian Wars Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming what it is today. The Persian Wars were one of those unforgettable events that inspired not only our military structure but government as well. The Persian Wars lasted for almost half a decade from 498 BCE to 448 BCE between the Persian Empire, of course, and Greek poleis. The war was centered around expanding the Empire of Persia as it claimed and took over land within battle and then ruling it as one while making a profit from it. Mos t of what we know about the Persian wars was written by HerodotusRead MoreThe Persian War Was A Series Of Wars1386 Words   |  6 Pages The Persian War was a series of wars fought amongst the great empire of Persia and the coalition of the Greek city-states, and lasted for twenty-one years. The Ionian city states protested against Persian rule, and expended their satraps and asserted their independence, which was the start of the Ionian Revolt. Later, Darius promised to have revenge on Athens and Eretria for their revolt against the Achaemenid empire. After the revolt Darius proclaim his rule, but it becomes more challenging forRead MoreThe Rise And Development Of Ancient Persia1259 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Persia also known as the Achaemenid Empire is known to be one of the greatest empires in ancient history. It was viewed as the first â€Å"humane, equal and religiously tolerant empire.† It was made up of several different languages, races, religions and cultures. The empire would become large enough to stretch through three continents. The rise and development of Persia revolved around the rule of Cy rus the Great and Darius the Great. Cyrus was a military and political genius that would go onRead MoreComparison Between Greece And Greece856 Words   |  4 PagesPersia (550 BCE-330 BCE) and Greece (480 BCE-323 BCE) were two strong and prosperous empires. For over two centuries, persia and Greece have been waging war on one another. Although Persia and Greece gave men more power than women, both empires developed different social structures and unalike religious beliefs. Persia and Greece both have dissimilar social structures that consist of certain individuals. In early western Iran, the society was categorized into three social classes. The classes consistedRead MorePrimary Document Assignment On Greece1159 Words   |  5 PagesJerod Walls Dr. Saheed Aderinto History 107 17 July 2015 Primary Document assignment on Greece During 490-479 BC the Empire of Persia had series of conflicts with Greek-City States. One of the pivotal moments in the Persian war was the battle of Thermopylae. The battle of Thermopylae took place in Greece, it started when Darius the king of Persia sent emissaries to Greece asking for land and water as an acceptance to his submission.The Spartans didn’t accept the offer and threw them down a wellRead MoreThe War Of The Persian War854 Words   |  4 Pages In Ancient Greece there were many famous wars and conquerors, in every era. These wars were all recorded in early history and lasted a couple of years. The only one that was not, or is thought to be made up, is the Trojan War. The only things they can go off of are the stories and the ruins of the city of Troy. Another famous war was the Persian wars. This war was the first big war between the persian empire and Spartans/Athens. After the Persian war, the Peloponnesian war took place, which wasRead MoreThe 7 Wonders Of Greece1484 Words   |  6 PagesI would like to write about the 7 Wonders of Greece and I suspect that you like to know what they are. Here is just a glimpse of what these 7 wonders would be â€Å"The Palace of Knossos† on the Isle of Crete, home of King Minos and legendary Minatare. â€Å"The Oracle of Delphi† was the center of the Greek world built by Cleisthenes. The â€Å"Theatre of Epidaurus† is the world’s largest drama theatre and bu ilt to honor The Spirit of Dionysus, the queen of drama. A 110-foot tall bronze statue â€Å"The Colossus ofRead MoreThe Infamous Battle Of Thermopylae1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe Infamous Battle of Thermopylae The battle of Thermopylae may just be the most epitomized ancient story for historians and filmmakers alike. To us common folk, this battle has been anecdotally portrayed as where 300 Spartans defended and withstood the constant rigor of battle against the invading Persians. Movies have been made to capture the essence of battle and the valiant efforts exerted by the 300; as well as historians played their part by publishing works that promise to speak truthRead MoreAlexander the Greats Impact on the World Essays1339 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander of Macedon conquer enormous areas of the known world but also he demonstrated dynamic leadership and masterful strategy on a large scale and tactics on the battlefield. During his life, he ruled the largest empire the world had ever seen, which stretched from ancient Greece to India. The son of King Phillip II of Macedon, Alexander was educated by the philosopher Aristotle and first led Macedonian troops at age 18. Many times Alexander was worshipped as a god in some of the countries he

Feral Information Systems Development †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Feral Information Systems Development. Answer: Introduction In the modern era, effective information systems are crucial to the growth and success of the business enterprise. In simpler terms, the information system can be defined as the process which carries out processing and analysis of data(Urquhart Fernandez 2013). The key benefit of using information system within an organization is that it supports in carrying out business activities and operations more efficiently. The use of information system also assists companies in extracting more reliable and accurate data(Hsu et al. 2014). In addition to this, these systems also play a vital role in the globalization of businesses by eliminating the cultural gap between nations. However, it can be critically argued that lack of job security and increasing unemployment are the two major drawbacks associated with the use of information system within a business enterprise. The present study is based on Unilever which is a global consumer goods company headquartered at Netherland. This report outlines the core business areas and key stakeholders of Unilever. On the other side of this, the current information system (IS) strategy of Unilever along with its current its infrastructure is also highlighted in this study. The report also outlines some changes linked with the IS strategy for the long-term growth and sustainability of Unilever. Unilever is considered as one of the leading and most renowned consumer goods company which deals with a diversified product range. At present, the selected business organization owns more than 400 brands and deals in products linked with cleaning agents, food, beverages and personal care. Unilever is also considered the oldest multinational corporation which is operating in more than 170 countries of the world. The overall operations of Unilever are classified into four different categories which are home care, refreshments, foods and personal care(Soomro, Shah Ahmed 2016). The business has always focused on delivering high-quality products and services to attain the high degree of satisfaction among its customers. Unilever now also emphasize on areas such as sustainability and all its business operations are directed towards the accomplishment of the same. The long-term objectives of Unilever are carrying out active management of the portfolio and developing as a very prestigious business. On the other side of this, the business operations and activities of Unilever also focus on carrying out innovations in products and services to maintain the interest of customers(Hawn Ioannou 2016). The strategic plan of Unilever includes areas such as investment in digital marketing, exploring the emerging markets of the world and operating with the pool of skilled and talented personnels. Innovations and development of new market are the two principal strategies which have been employed by Unilever to gain competitive advantage over other market players. On the other side of this, the organization also focuses on carrying out continuous improvements in its processes and strategies to reduce the overall cost of operations. Stakeholders can be defined as the parties and people who are influenced by the practices and operations of a business enterprise. Unilever stakeholders can be classified into two different categories which are internal and external. Here, internal stakeholders of the company include managers, employees, and owners(Tiwana, Konsynski Venkatraman 2013). On the other hand, customers, shareholders, suppliers, government and people living in society are considered as external stakeholders of Unilever. The company emphasizes on satisfying the objectives of both external and internal stakeholders in the best possible manner. The purpose of internal stakeholders is that the company offer adequate growth and development opportunities to them. In addition to this, managers and employees also want that Unilever offers them with better working culture, support from management and learning opportunities. Apart from this, the employees also want that their views and opinions are taken into consideration by the company during the process of decision-making and strategy formulation(Gorla Somers 2014). It is the responsibility of Unilever to ensure that no form of discrimination and biases is carried out among the staff members working at different international units. The result of this is that Unilever can carry out a high degree of satisfaction among all its employees and this also contributes to the long-term sustainability of the brand. The objective of external stakeholders such as supplier is that the brand makes timely payment and at the same time they want to maintain a good and long-term relationship with Unilever. However, the purpose of customers is to get quality products and services at convenient prices. The objective of customers is that Unilever keeps on developing innovative products to maintain their interest in the best possible manner(Galliers Leidner 2014). The people living in society are also considered as a major stakeholder of Unilever, and the objective of these people is to ensure that the operations of the company do not carry out negative impact on the society. The mission of Unilever is to make the world as a sustainable living commonplace. The priority of the company is to create better and healthier future for children. To accomplish its mission and vision, Unilever has aligned with World Food Programme, and it has launched the Together for Child Vitality initiative with an objective to offer nutrition to children living in the poorest country in the world (Unilever 2017). On the other hand, the government wants that Unilever should comply with all the rules and regulations developed for business operations and activities. At the same time, the government wants that Unilever takes care of environment and people living in the society in the best possible manner. Current IS strategy and policies Over the past few decades, technology has emerged as one of the most potential tools which support companies in long-term growth and development. The use of information system assists in carrying out the smooth flow, of all operations and activities(Spierings, Kerr Houghton 2014). Unilever makes use of information system with an objective of obtaining information and report on operations and to ensure that these reports are accessible by all the levels of management. The existing information system of Unilever consists of five major elements which are input, process, output, feedback, and control. The company emphasizes on all these elements to ensure smooth functioning of all aspects linked with management. Unilever has employed operational support system for carrying out its international operations and activities. Here, the input within the information system is carried out by the end user with an objective to produce a valid and accurate report on the companys operations(Grabara, Kolcun Kot 2014). It can be stated that the key benefit of using operational support system is that it generates a report which can be utilized by internal and external stakeholders. Unilever is able to control its international business transactions, production, and communication process with the help of implemented information system. Another benefit of an information system is that it has helped Unilever to eliminate the process of manual record keeping. The objective behind using information system is to provide adequate, valid and reliable information which can support in the decision-making of the company. The selected business enterprise can take more effective and result in oriented decisions with the help of information system(Davies, Dean Ball 2013). Another objective of Unilever behind using information system is to ensure that reliable information, data, and report is available for every layer of management to carry out the smooth flow of all functions and operations. The use of information system also supports the staff members to collect and store information in the best possible manner. It can be expressed that technology and information system have played a crucial role in the development of Unilever from a multi-local supplier to a globally aligned business(Jrvelinen 2013). At present, the company emphasizes on keep on improving its overall competency and capabilities of information systems. The implementation of information system sometimes encourages Unilever to carry out changes for which laws and regulations are still required to be developed(Chang 2016). Thus, carrying out these changes may create legal and ethical issues for the selected business enterprise. The benefits of using information technology are that it supports in enhancing the degree of computer storage, networking, and power. On the other side of this, it can be critically argued that intellectual property and protection of privacy are the two issues which can be faced by the brand concerning the use of information system(Vom Brocke Liang 2014). The main challenges linked with legal laws and ethics are linked with accountability, control system, information obligations, rights and system quality. The protection of personal data of employees working in the organization is another issue which can be faced because of the information systems. The Internet has provided individuals and parties with an alternative to carrying out monitoring of data flowing at various points(Gable, Sedera Chan 2008). In the modern era, privacy protection is still not effective and satisfactory on many websites, and this has emerged as a challenge for businesses such as Unilever. The data presented by the information system is used in the process of decision-making, and thus, poor quality of data can result in heavy business losses. Unilever is required to develop effective strategies and action plans to deal with all the mentioned-above challenges linked with the ethical and legal aspects of the information system. The benefit of this is that it will help the organization to carry out the smooth flow of all operations and business activities. It will also allow the company to manage information flow in the best possible manner. The current information system within Unilever is mentioned and elaborated below as: Indentifying user needs The information system with the selected business enterprise begins with the process wherein need and demand of organization is defined. Here, the emphasis is laid on the principal aim and objective which the business needs to accomplish through the implementation of the information system(West Bogers 2014). In addition to this, the system starts with user request and feasibility analysis is also carried out during this stage. Establishment of user requirements In this stage, Unilever seeks for identifying its requirement and needs with the regards to the information system. In addition to this, the physical characteristics of the system are also defined within this stage. Information system planning Unilever defines the hardware and software characteristics in this stage of developing an information system. Here, the system design is also identified by the selected business enterprise(Zafar 2013). Constructing the system The design of system gets finalized in this stage and testing of the information system is also carried out with the same. Here, the company identifies the key issues and loopholes within the existing systems. System installation When the system successfully runs within the testing stage, the company provides approval for installation of the system within the enterprise. Maintaining and improving the system The Company has also developed the effective system of monitoring the flow of information. Unilever carries out effective monitoring of its information system with an objective to improve its overall efficiency of the system(Kasemsap 2015). However, it can be critically argued that surveillance of system and finding loopholes is not an easy task and the company is required to invest a lot of efforts and resources to carry out the same. Phase out It can be defined as the last process of information system infrastructure of Unilever where the useful information, data, and report are provided to end user. The company also emphasize on the fact that its information system remains integrated with each other and external systems. The key benefit of system integration is that it supports businesses by providing a potential platform to connect internal and external systems in the best possible manner. The process of integration results in carrying out smooth flow and functioning of all subsystems and at the same time ensuring that all subsystem work together as a main system within Unilever(Gable, Sedera Chan 2008). Furthermore, the selected business enterprise has used vertical integration technique for carrying out the integration of all its process and external factors. Here, the systems are integrated by their functionality. The use of vertical integration is also carried out by Unilever with an objective to reduce its overall cost of operations and enhance its process of information flow. In the modern era, the concept of an information system is employed by organizations with an objective to carry out effective analysis of business data. Here, technology is adopted by companies to analyse information and make useful decisions(Fleischmann et al. 2014). However, it can be critically argued that Unilever is facing some issues in its existing information system and the business is required to carry out certain changes in the system to ensure long-term growth and sustainability. The main and most important problem associated with the existing information system within Unilever is that its maintenance cost is very high and this is creating issues for the company(O'Brien Marakas 2006). The organization is now facing difficulties in the maintaining up to date data within its information system. It has been assessed that the marketing department of Unilever is having an additional database and the reports linked with expenses, sales, payments, and revenues are generated manually also. This simply means that there is no difference between the data generated through information system and the data generated at working level of the business enterprise. On the other side of this, it can be critically argued that the existing information system adopted by Unilever requires extra processing. The result of this is that the reports and data generated through information system are considered as less valuable and sometimes of no use(Bhattacharya 2016). Apart from this, the majority of employees working in the company are not making use of the data or reports generated by its existing information system. Furthermore, these systems are considered as cost-effective only when employees or staff members are carrying out the best possible utilization of the information generated through sy stems. It has been identified that the key reason why workers avoid using the reports and data of information system is that the user interface of this system is very complicated(Beringer, Jonas Kock 2013). The staff members usually get irritated while generating information and report from the system. Another challenge which Unilever is facing within its information system is that the system is not competent enough to adapt changes which are carried out by the brand. In the modern era, the competition among businesses in the consumer goods industry has become highly competitive(Nguyen, Newby Macaulay 2015). Nowadays, it is no longer easy for brands to sustain easily in the highly competitive marketplace. At the same time, companies such as Unilever are facing issues regarding retaining the old customers and attracting the new ones(Aremu, Isiaka Suleiman 2015). Here, organizations are required to carry out changes in their business operations, strategies, products and internal management at frequent intervals to remain competitive in the market place. However, it can be critically argued that companies cannot implement changes smoothly in case if their management systems are not competent enough to adapt those changes. The existing information system within Unilever has not been able to provide valid or desired outcomes during the process of change. It has been analysed that the breakdown of information process at frequent intervals is another challenge which the company is presently facing. To make the most effective and best possible utilization of existing information system, it is required by all staff members to report their task and activities on the system on a daily basis(Nickerson, Varshney Muntermann 2013). At the same time, managers must make use of the reports and information generated at regular intervals. Proposed future IS strategy In order to efficiently operate in the market, it is required for Unilever to develop effective information system strategy for its future. All the range of activities carried out by Unilever requires proper information, and its effective management leads to favorable results for the business. Different type of information that is required at operational, strategic and tactical level requires a different type of information through which information need of the business can be satisfied easily(Davies, Dean Ball 2013). This is only possible when the company has developed effective systems through which growth opportunities present in the external environment can be grabbed easily. For the effective development of IS system, it is necessary for the business to plan all the resources effectively(Schwalbe 2015). There is a need to focus on adoption of IT system through which information need of the organization can be satisfied easily. It is recommended to Unilever to hire some professionals that can easily develop advanced IT system for management of information so that it can surely bring favorable results for the business in every possible manner. Firstly it is necessary to ensure what type of information is required to be managed and through this, it is possible to develop the new system for effective management in every possible manner. The current system of Unilever for managing information and another type of resource within the workplace is not at all effective, and due to this reason, it is recommended to the business to implement new models that supports in gaining competitive edge to the business. Moreover, in case if the present system does not support in managing information with the business in the proper manner and due to this basic reason there is a need to develop the new system through which organization can easily manage the most significant information properly and this, in turn, leads to favorable results for the enterprise(Rosemann Vm Brocke 2015). It is recommended to Unilever to rely on IT system where this system can assist in the effective utilization of the business resources in the proper manner and through this information related issues can be tackled in every possible manner. Apart from this, it has been witnessed that information required by Unilever in different areas takes into consideration marketing, finance, production and another form of operations that are most crucial for the business. Therefore, there is need to manage information on all these areas in an effective manner so that organization can easily gain the competitive edge with the help of this. Further, the best way to develop new information system is by delivering proper training to the managers where they can be delivered training for effective utilization of the information that is crucial for the business. This can directly allow business to enhance its productivity regarding utilization of the major information. But it is necessary to ensure well in advance that the information source is authentic so that it can be utilized in most effective manner(Tiwana, Konsynski Venkatraman 2013). Further, it is well-known fact that on the basis of information various decisions have to be taken and it is directly linked with the success of the enterprise. Various options are present with Unilever that can be undertaken by the organization for its overall growth and benefit such as marketing information system, sales information system, etc. which are very crucial for the business(Reich Benbasat 2013). On the other hand, large numbers of information management challenges are faced by the business that involves coordination between different information systems, unclear strategic direction, limited adoption of the present information, internal politics, etc. So, it is recommended to Unilever to take correction actions well in advance so that all these challenges can be tackled easily. Moreover, an information management practices relies on some principles that help in knowing about its success and it undertakes to recognize complexity, providing strong leadership, mitigating risk and choosing the overall project properly. So, these principles have to be considered efficiently so that information can be utilized properly. Apart from this, proper monitoring of the information system is needed as through this it can be ensured whether it is possible to satisfy the need of the business or not. It is a well-known fact that in the adequate amount information is needed within the organization and if effective systems are present for its management then it can surely lead to favorable results for the business in every possible manner, and in turn, long-term performance of the enterprise can be managed with the help of this(Zafar 2013). Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that Unilever is one of the leading brands in the consumer goods industry of the world. Furthermore, the business is offering a diversified range of products to maintain the interest of its customer in the best possible manner. The company has different internal and external stakeholders, and it emphasizes on satisfying the objectives of these stakeholders. It can be concluded that the companys objective is to carry out continuous improvement in its business process and operations through information system. Here, the system focuses on gathering and storing useful data which can assist in processes such as decision-making and strategy formulation. It can be inferred that at present process of information system within Unilever is not quite effective and the company is facing various issues regarding the same. For example, the system is extracting the same information which is generated through manual processes. Thus, the information system is not able to produce valuable or useful information for the selected business enterprise. References Aremu, MA, Isiaka, SB Suleiman, AA 2015, 'Impact of Brand Management on Brand Image in a Multiproduct Oriented Company in Nigeria.', GOUNI Journal of Management and Social Sciences , vol 3, no. 1, pp. 100-108. Beringer, C, Jonas, D Kock, A 2013, 'Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.', International Journal of Project Management , vol 31, no. 6, pp. 830-846. Bhattacharya, CB 2016, 'Responsible Marketing: Doing Well by Doing Good. ', GfK Marketing Intelligence Review , vol 8, no. 1, pp. 8-17. Chang, JF 2016, Business process management systems: strategy and implementation, CRC Press, Florida. Davies, RS, Dean, DL Ball, N 2013, 'Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course. ', Educational Technology Research and Development , vol 61, no. 4, pp. 563-580. Fleischmann, A, Schmidt, W, Stary, C, Obermeier, S Brger, E 2014, Subject-oriented business process management. , Springer, New York City. Gable, GG, Sedera, D Chan, T 2008, 'Re-conceptualizing information system success: The IS-impact measurement model', Journal of the association for information systems, vol 9, no. 7, p. 377. Galliers, RD Leidner, DE 2014, Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems, Routledge, Abingdon. Gorla, N Somers, TM 2014, 'The impact of IT outsourcing on information systems success', Information Management , vol 51, no. 3, pp. 320-335. Grabara, J, Kolcun, M Kot, S 2014, 'The role of information systems in transport logistics', International Journal of Education and Research, vol 2, no. 2, pp. 1-8. Hawn, O Ioannou, I 2016, ' Mind the gap: The interplay between external and internal actions in the case of corporate social responsibility. ', Strategic Management Journal , vol 37, no. 13, pp. 2569-2588. Hsu, JSC, Chu, T,H, Lin, TC Lo, CF 2014, 'Coping knowledge boundaries between information system and business disciplines: An intellectual capital perspective', Information Management, vol 51, no. 2, pp. 283-295. Jrvelinen, J 2013, ' IT incidents and business impacts: Validating a framework for continuity management in information systems. ', International journal of information management , vol 33, no. 3, pp. 583-590. Kasemsap, K 2015, 'The role of information system within enterprise architecture and their impact on business performance', Technology, innovation, and enterprise transformation, vol 12, no. 1, pp. 262-284. Nguyen, TH, Newby, M Macaulay, MJ 2015, 'Information technology adoption in small business: Confirmation of a proposed framework', Journal of Small Business Management, vol 53, no. 1, pp. 207-227. Nickerson, RC, Varshney, U Muntermann, J 2013, 'A method for taxonomy development and its application in information systems. ', European Journal of Information Systems , vol 22, no. 3, pp. 336-359. O'Brien, JA Marakas, GM 2006, Management information systems, McGraw-Hill Irwin, Pennsylvania Plaza New York City. Reich, BH Benbasat, I 2013, '10 Measuring the Information SystemsBusiness Strategy Relationship.', Strategic Information Management , vol 3, no. 1, p. 265. Rosemann, M Vm Brocke, J 2015, The six core elements of business process management. In Handbook on business process management, Springer, New York City. Schwalbe, K 2015, Information technology project management., Cengage Learning, Boston. Soomro, ZA, Shah, MH Ahmed, J 2016, 'Information security management needs more holistic approach: A literature review', International Journal of Information Management , vol 36, no. 2, pp. 215-225. Spierings, A, Kerr, D Houghton, L 2014, What Drives the End User to Build a Feral Information System? In Feral Information Systems Development: Managerial Implications, Business Science Reference (IGI Global), Hershey. Tiwana, A, Konsynski, B Venkatraman, N 2013, 'Special issue: Information technology and organizational governance: The IT governance cube. ', Journal of Management Information Systems , vol 30, no. 3, pp. 7-12. Unilever 2017, Our Vision, viewed 2 October 2017, https://www.unilever.com/about/who-we-are/our-vision/. Urquhart, C Fernandez, W 2013, 'Using grounded theory method in information systems: the researcher as blank slate and other myths.', Journal of Information Technology , vol 28, no. 3, pp. 224-236. Vom Brocke, J Liang, TP 2014, 'Guidelines for neuroscience studies in information systems research', Journal of Management Information Systems , vol 30, no. 4, pp. 211-234. West, J Bogers, M 2014, 'Leveraging external sources of innovation: a review of research on open innovation. ', Journal of Product Innovation Management , vol 31, no. 4, pp. 814-831. Zafar, H 2013, ' Human resource information systems: Information security concerns for organizations', Human Resource Management Review , vol 23, no. 1, pp. 105-113.

Matthew - Chapter One Essays - Gospel Of Luke, Gospel Of Matthew

Matthew - Chapter One MATTHEW - CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: Matthew begins with a geneology 1. From Abraham, the progenitor of the Jewish race, to David the king (vss. 1-6) 2. From Solomon the king, to the Babylonian captivity (vss. 7-11) - a turning point in Jewish history 3. From the Babylon captivity, to Joseph (vss. 12-17) - this Joseph is Mary's husband 4. The genealogies were very important documents a. The New Testament rest upon its accuracy b. It establishes Christ of the line of Abraham and David - Abraham puts Him in the Jewish race - David puts Him on the throne The genealogy in Matthew is of Jesus on Joseph's side - Luke on Mary's side Verse 1 A. The Book of the generation of Adam - Gen.5:1 is the only other place this term is used 1. How did we get into Adam's family? physical birth 2. It is generations of death (Rom.5:12) B. The Book of the generation of Jesus Christ 1. How do we get into this family? Spiritual birth (John 3:3) 2. It is a generation of life 3. All are born into Adam's family; all must be born again to be in Jesus' family C. The Son of David presents Christ as King (anointed one; Messiah, Who will set up a literal kingdom) D. Son of Abraham, who was the progenitor of the Jewish race Verses 2-6 - Note some interesting things in this geneology: A. Names of women - Note these are all Gentile women 1. Thamar - a Canaanite who was Judah's wife (Gen.38) 2. Rachab (Rahab) - a Canaanite (Joshua 2) - She was a believer and is in Hebrews. 11 (Faith Hall of Fame) 3. Ruth - a Moabite (the whole Book of Ruth is about her) a. She is a lovely person, who became a Jew b. Married Boaz - King David came through this line 4. Bathsheba - a Hittite whom David had the affair with - King Solomon was born of her B. God loves and can use all is the lesson here Verses 7-10 - Genealogy continues Verses 11-16 A. Jechonias is an interesting person 1. He was an exceptionally wicked king, and because of this God said that none of his seed would sit on David's throne, though he was in David's kingly line (Jeremiah 22) a. Joseph, Mary's husband, was in this line, but he was not the natural father of Jesus b. Joseph gave the legal title to Jesus because he was Mary's husband - therefore, Jesus is not the seed of Joseph nor Jechonias 2. Both Joseph and Mary had to be from the line of David, and they were - through two different lines, from two different sons of David B. Can see the wisdom of God here Verse 16 - makes it very clear that Joseph is not the natural father of Jesus - He was virgin born (Emmanuel - God with us) Verse 17 - Matthew puts the geneology into three major groups: A. Abraham to David - 14 generations B. David to Babylonian captivity - 14 generations C. Babylonian captivity to Christ - 14 generations D. Some left out to get the 14 generations, because the only generations important are the ones which concern Christ Birth of Christ Verse 18 - tells how this birth happened A. It was a miraculous virgin birth B. It was of The Holy Spirit 1. All of The Holy Spirit 2. God did not need Joseph's sperm nor Mary's egg Verse 19 - we see the grace of Joseph, and his love for Mary here A. The Law says to stone her - the evidence could not be denied B. He would keep this matter from the public eye Verse 20 - God sets his mind at ease - note this birth is of The Holy Spirit Verse 21 - Jesus means Savior in Greek as Joshua in Hebrew Verses 22-23 A. Jesus is the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies and promises - there were over 300 prophesies fulfilled B. In verse 23, Isaiah 7:14 is quoted - this is an important prophesy for it speaks of the deity of Christ 1. Emmanuel means God with us - Note I Timothy 3:16 (Christ was never called; Jesus is Savior, Who became Emmanuel) 2. Virgin - no human father - denotes Deity a. Hebrew for virgin is almah - example: Rebekah is called almah before she married Isaac b. When

College Admission Essay Writing

College Admission Essay Writing College Admission Essay Writing College admission essay writing is not the same as research paper writing.College personal essay is also an opportunity for you to show your talents and creativity to your best advantage. While writing college application essay, you should include a lot of information about you, such as grades, recommendations, lists of your extracurricular activities and test scores. All of this information is very important and helps admission officers to understand in detail your achievements, abilities, and skills. Nevertheless, this information will also be told by other people, while your essay should tell the reader how you see yourself. College essay writing helps to understand why you decided to enter this or that college. Feel free to write about your achievements and how they can contribute to your future plans. Your English essay should show your strong desire to enter the chosen college, and that you are ready to accept the challenges and meet academic requirements. While writing college essay you should focus on your individuality and your points of view. It is your chance to express your ideas, tell something about you that doesn't really come across elsewhere in your application. Think over interesting moments or situations from your life. What is your opinion about modern world? What would you like to change? Be free to express yourself as you want even if you think that nobody else will support your position. Admission essay writing is the only opportunity to gain attention of the admission commission College Essay Topics College essay topic should be very carefully thought out. Avoid any kinds of jokes in your essay. Skillful integration of jokes into college essay writing is done mostly poorly and is not appreciated by the committee. Do not choose a topic if you cannot provide concrete examples for the body of the essay. Your English essay must be interesting with vivid examples. Remember that admissions officers will spend not more that few minutes reading each essay. Admission officers want to learn about you, therefore, you must develop your own voice and tell your story, not the story you think the reader wants to hear. Write about something meaningful and describe what you did and felt, and your essay will be unique. Many people travel to foreign countries or win competitions, but your feelings during these events are unique to you. Avoid writing an essay on such topic that will be remembered negatively. Stay away from specific religions, political doctrines, or controversial opinions. If you'r e not an excellent writer it would be better for you to write about events that have actually occurred. Write an essay about your life and demonstrate your personality. CUSTOM COLLEGE ADMISSION ESSAY WRITING Ordering custom college admission essay writing service at you receive paper of premium quality which gains the attention of the reader and underlines your strengths. Being admitted to the university of your dreams is so easy with our writing help! Read also: Descriptive Essay Sample Conformity Essay Computer Essay Essay Editing Service Editing Essay Learning Service Writing

reason vs. passion essays

reason vs. passion essays In his plays The Bacchae and Medea, Greek playwright Euripides expresses his views quite clearly on the relationship between reason and passion in human life. Euripides believes that there is a constant struggle between the two elements, and people must be able to find the proper balance in order to exist peacefully, something his characters were unable to do. He expresses, via his characters, his belief that passion dominates this struggle in most cases, and when this occurs, proper logic is skewed. The lead role in each of these plays failed to find the proper balance of passion and reason, and in failure found death. The title role in Euripides play Medea is a proud, powerful, self-driven woman who strives to avenge an act committed by her husband, Jason. As the play opens, the audience learns that Jason has recently left Medea for another woman. This crushes Medea, as she has sacrificed much for Jason, and truly believes that they are lovers meant to be together for life. She enters a long period of mourning, and becomes inconsolable by even her closest of friends. Eventually her sadness turns to anger, and she begins seeking revenge for the wrong she has been done. Medea immediately begins plotting against Jason, and devises a plan, which she believes, will hurt him in the worst possible way. She decides to kill everyone close to him, including the children they have together, and destroy any legacy that may survive him. She carefully draws out every detail of the plan, ensuring its completion. Medea is successful in this aspect, as she is able to carry out everything she plans on. H owever, she does not plan on the struggle that would accompany these acts. Medea is forced to battle not only those around her, who beg her not to take the lives of her children, but she must fight her conscience as well. In the end, Medea kills her own children. This act is an example of passion overtaking ...

Business Strategy Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Strategy Analysis - Essay Example Grand Canyon University has a wide range of product offerings including bachelors, masters, and doctoral programs totaling over 100 in business, education, liberal arts, nursing and health, recreation and sports, among other areas of fast growing careers. Certifications and other credits are also offered at the university. Evening, fulltime, part-time, and online are some of the flexibilities allowed in the programs offered at GCU. GCU mission statement reads, â€Å"Grand Canyon University prepares learners to become global citizens, critical thinkers, effective communicators, and responsible leaders by providing an academically challenging, values-based curriculum from the context of our Christian heritage† (GCU, 2014). In 2013, GCU had net revenue of $598,335 and a net income of $ 88,711 with the earnings per common share $ 1.98 and $ 1.92 for basic and diluted shares showing a good financial performance for a higher education providing institution. Global operations are in form of the enrolment of students from beyond United States either physically in the Phoenix main campus and other campuses or through the online learning system at the University. A SWOT analysis of GCU shows that the strengths of GCU include offering a faith based product, the university has strong online presence that spans a large demographic, maintenance of regional accreditation, and a high profit margin that cushions the university at hard times as demonstrated by the 2008 recession (Grand Canyon University,  2014). However, GCU has some weaknesses including an inability to provide excellent customer service through all university levels especially on online classrooms. Other weaknesses include poor education at financial literacy by the staff leading to loss of grants by students. The opportunities available to the university include increasing

Introduction to Social Networking Web Sites Essay

Introduction to Social Networking Web Sites - Essay Example Many of the sites are user friendly and available at no charge. Since the sites have shown huge popularity, many businesses are able to use the sites as a form of advertising. Reasons like this are why companies such as Google have invested over 1 billion dollars for a site named You Tube. To further explore a social network it is important to review what a social network is. A social network as defined by an unknown writer from â€Å"what is social networking†, â€Å"as the grouping of individuals into certain groups†. This is very true in the sense that social networking sites group different types of individuals into different groups based on likes and dislikes. Social networking sites have objectives just like any other site. Social networking allows for individuals and businesses to communicate through a virtual setting. An article by Don Lafferty, explains how social networking has contributed in the growth of social enterprises. (Lafferty 2007) Social networking allows individuals to be shown a new form of communication. This is very beneficial to businesses. A common social networking site is Facebook. Facebook allows users to search for friends, create profiles, and have access to businesses and advertisements. Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerburg Mark was named â€Å"person of the year† in 2010. (Grossdman2010)

Imagine Yourself 26 Years Ahead Essay Example for Free

Imagine Yourself 26 Years Ahead Essay It was flaming hot, the sand beneath my bare legs burned when it hit water. I thrived to keep my eyes open, but instead I drifted into my daydreams imaginations, and spontaneously everything was peaceful and utterly dreamy. It was more to a vision than a dream when I imagine myself in 2026, but within an instant I am blown away. I discover that I am the new legend in the genetic research field in the United States, not only that but a mother too. Consequently, I see an extraordinary day of my future sought life, a casual day yet inscribed within history: the day I discover the AIDS cure. Suddenly, a river of emotions erupts through my veins but I know it’s everything I want in my future and everything I want the world to remember me by, to be a person who changed the world. In my future life I’m married to a guy called Joseph khan, he becomes the first man to step on Jupiter. I linger in my visions and expectations of future, wanting nothing more but to reach for it and make it happen, but then I wake up. The sun was down but I can see my surroundings as still as they were, then out of nowhere I see a guy setting near, â€Å"what’s your name† the stranger said in a soft deep voice, â€Å"Mariah† I breathed, stunned. He walked slowly and stretched his tanned arm toward me â€Å"khan, Joseph khan.† I was hooked.

Importance of Violence in Adrienne Richs Of Woman Born :: Adrienne Rich Of Woman Born Essays

The Importance of Violence in Of Woman Born In cultures as different as Sweden and the Yucatan, women have a part in the decision-making process during their deliveries. The Yucatan midwife emphasizes that 'every woman has to 'buscar la forma,' find her own way, and that it is the midwife's task to assist with whatever decision is made.' This does not mean that births are painless, but that needless pain is prevented, birth is not treated as a 'medical event,' and the woman's individual temperament and physique are trusted and respected." (p.175) Rich both begins and ends her book on the topic of violence to get our attention. Once the realization that something must change has occurred, her ideas are further developed, by implying that with some major change in the patriarchal system this violence may end, and being a mother would not be so difficult. I agree that it can be much better than this dated account of life as a mother, but as the Yucatan midwives have stated, there will still be pain. Rich would agree that woman's individual temperament and physique need to be trusted and respected, but I take it a step further and think that this particular discussion on labor should be a metaphor for the argument of this book. The description of labor and delivery above is the way in which motherhood should be approached, substituting the partner, husband, or friend for the role of the midwife. In this situation patriarchy does not need to fall, a much more attainable goal. By both beginning and ending with violence, Rich is making a statement that these atrocities can be mended or at least should be mended by her proposal of denouncing patriarchy. Not only may this not be possible, but it implies that once the balance of power has been shifted, this violence which is discussed at length could change. Although the balance of power could shift, abusive, violent, and uncaring parents, fathers or mothers, will still exist regardless of who is holding the power, thus leaving the burden of child rearing on the other parent, creating the same situation that we have today. By Rich placing such emphasis on the violence, in a backhanded way she gives hope that with her plan this violence will stop. Since Rich implies a solution to the problem, she, too, is carrying on a myth of sorts.

Health Promotion Essay

In today’s society, individuals do not recognize that every phase of their life is influenced by their health. People cannot accomplish their goals in society to their full advantage when they are unhealthy. In order to help the population improve their overall health, health promotion is essential. Health promotion and its objective will be discussed in this paper. In addition, it will further examine what our responsibilities are as nurses in the structure of health promotion. Furthermore, health promotion is separated into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, all benefitting the individual. The U.S. Public Health Service identifies health promotion as â€Å"the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that personal, private, and public support of positive health practices will become a societal norm† (Edelman & Mandle, 2010, p. 14). In addition to offering information to patients regarding their health, health promotion incorporates supporting patients to enhance their general well-being and recognize their individual health potential (Skybo & Polivka, 2007). Health promotion provides patients with the understanding of the different elements that can alter their health and inspires them to obtain control of it (Bennett, Perry, & Lawrence, 2009). As well as enhancing patient outcomes, health promotion assists in reducing costs, which are consistently rising in health care (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). According to Edelman & Mandel, health promotion can be used on a public level, community level, or personal level (2010). For instance, on the public level, health promotion could include granting assistance or low-income housing programs by the government. The community level might incorporate Habitat for Humanity, which is a great advantage for that particular population. Lastly, the personal level would include individuals who vote to favor programs that assist the community (Hoyle, Bartee, & Allensworth, 2010). Health promotion, a frequently used phrase, is especially critical to the nursing career. It encompasses many concepts that nurses encounter daily. Because education is crucial to succeed, nurses are an essential part in health promotion. Every day, nurses provide education to their patients. To assist them in maintaining and enhancing their well-being, nursing interventions benefit individuals by expanding their resources (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Since there are various settings in nursing, this is the ideal opportunity to educate individuals. With the help of nurses, healthy communities, homes, and schools can exist with proper education. Regardless of the specialty, all nurses need to educate patients on how to remain fit so they can live a longer, healthier life. Currently, collaboration occurs with an interdisciplinary team, which all assist in improving patients’ lives. Team members may include physicians, therapists, social workers, and dietitians. By working together to create a diverse educational background, this team helps patients overcome their illnesses or helps them manage the disease affecting their life (Bennett et al., 2009). Since health promotion is employed entirely across nursing, nurses are accountable for facilitating the best outcome for each individual patient. Health promotion includes three levels; primary, secondary and tertiary (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Primary prevention includes delivering strategies and education to help patients avoid illnesses (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). For example, when a nurse delivers an immunization to a patient, she educates them about the potential risks of the disease and how the immunization will help prevent them from contracting the disease. In addition to the community, primary education is also applied in schools as an informative tool, to educate students about harmful diseases such as those taught in sex education classes. This offers support to students, enabling them to make informed decisions about protecting their health from such diseases. Secondary prevention is the next level of health promotion. This includes timely diagnosis of an illness and immediate therapy (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). This level aids in reducing occurrences of illness and inhibiting development between patients (Bennett et al., 2009). By offering community screenings for diabetes or hypertension, nurses are applying secondary prevention. Public health screenings allow nurses to identify potential diseases at an early stage, as well as provide the patient with beneficial information to slow the progression of the illness. Lastly, the tertiary level consists of helping the patient with rehabilitation and recovery (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). This stage identifies the disease and makes the patient cognizant of their health challenges. The nurse’s role in this level is to deliver education to help reduce complications. If a patient is admitted to the hospital with a stroke, physical and occupational rehabilitation may be initiated to retain the maximum stage of function and to avoid another stroke from transpiring (Skybo & Polivka, 2007). The three levels of health promotion are utilized every day and positively assist patients with improving themselves. Nursing will continually incorporate health promotion and the prevention of illnesses. To help support the best outcome for all patients, it is essential that nurses adapt to change. Primary, secondary, and tertiary are the principle levels of health promotion in the nursing profession. These three levels will contribute to patients living longer, healthier lives. References Bennett, C., Perry, J., & Lawrence, Z. (2009). Promoting health in primary care. Nursing Standard, 23(47), 48-56. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010367201&site=ehost-live&scope=site Edelman, C., & Mandle, C. L. (2010). Health promotions throughout the life span (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Hoyle, T., Bartee, R., & Allensworth, D. (2010). Applying the process of health promotion in schools: A commentary. Journal Of School Health, 80(4), 163-166. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00483.x. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010582507&site=ehost-live&scope=site Skybo, T., & Polivka, B. (2007). Health promotion model for childhood violence prevention and exposure. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 16(1), 38-45. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01621.x. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login .aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009481108&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Mendus unconditional love

â€Å"l promise to love you unconditionally, to support you in your goals, to honor and respect you. † That is a line from a traditional wedding vow that two people who love each other say on their wedding day. Susan Emends believes that a marriage vow Is â€Å"a present intention to do something permanently, where that is distinct from having a permanent intention. † (Emends, p. 238) Emends believes that marriage vows are unconditional, she doesn't think that marriage Is unconditional however. She doesn't think marriage is unconditional because It can end In divorce. People say they fall out of love, cheat, or think their significant other changed.Emends says that If you think that a person has changed and that makes you â€Å"fall out of love† then you never truly loved them. She also thinks that once you make the commitment In marriage vows, you should remain married even If you feel Like you fell out of love. One reason that Emends believes marriage vows are unconditional Is because there Is no time limit on it. When you get married you do not decide that after so many ears you are going to get divorced, instead you plan to be happily in love for the rest of your lives. Throughout our lives we change and mature and because of the vow you made to be together forever, there will be change.If your significant other changes you should remain married because you love each other. Another reason Emends believes marriage vows are unconditional is because you do not make â€Å"terms and conditions†. When you marry someone and promise to love and honor you do not say â€Å"so long as you don't.. (Emends, p. 238) When you love someone you love them for who they are, you wouldn't tell them â€Å"l will love you if you.. – If there were conditions then we would not be able to distinguish the difference between â€Å"respect or admiration for the principles of another and the sort of unconditional commitment to him which the marriage vow involves. (Emends, p. 238) Loving someone is an honorable and cherish able thing. When you love someone you just want to spend time with them and not tell them who to be. If there s any question whether you love your significant other or like characteristics about then you will begin to make conditions and if that happens you should not marry one another. Emends unconditional love By Madison each other say on their wedding day. Susan Emends believes that a marriage vow is vows are unconditional, she doesn't think that marriage is unconditional however. She doesn't think marriage is unconditional because it can end in divorce.People say if you think that a person has changed and that makes you â€Å"fall out of love† then you ever truly loved them. She also thinks that once you make the commitment in marriage vows, you should remain married even if you feel like you fell out of love. One reason that Emends believes marriage vows are unconditional is because there is no ti me limit on it. When you get married you do not decide that after so many you.. † If there were conditions then we would not be able to distinguish the someone you Just want to spend time with them and not tell them who to be. If there

Environmental impacts of batteries Essay Example

Environmental impacts of batteries Essay Example Environmental impacts of batteries Essay Environmental impacts of batteries Essay lithium-ion and lead-based cells. C-rate C-rate is the measuring of the charge and dispatch current of a cell. Almost all movable cells are rated at 1 Coulomb ( 1C ) . This means that a 1000mAh battery, if discharged at 1C, would give 1000mA for one hr. The same applies if the discharge was halved ( 0.5C ) this would supply half the sum of current ( 500mA ) for twice the continuance ( 2 hours ) . A 1C cell is referred to as an hr discharge, the most common portable cell we have is the 20-hour Lead-based discharge cells ( 0.05C ) found in autos. Lead-Acid Cells The C-rate of a lead-acid cell is non set to a changeless like other cells, as accomplishing 100 % electrical capacity at any discharge rate is hard. The beginning is done in order to counterbalance for the varying measurings at the differing currents ; automatically seting the capacity of the cell is discharged at a higher/lower C-rate than originally thought. Portable lead-based cells are rated at 0.05C given a 20-hour discharge. The beginning is represented in Peukert s jurisprudence. Peukert s jurisprudence: represents the electrical capacity of a lead-acid cell in footings of C-rate. As the rate of discharge additions, the battery s available capacity lessenings and vice-versa. Fast and decelerate discharging/recharging of a lead-acid cell At the beginning of when a lead-acid cell is charged or discharged, the chemicals present in the acid electrolyte at the point between the positive and negative electrodes ( the interface ) are affected. The alteration in these chemicals, consequences in a charge that is formed at the interface. This interface charge finally spreads throughout the active stuff in the volume. Fast bear downing a wholly discharged cell for a twosome of proceedingss causes the charge to develop near the interface of the battery, when left for continuance of clip ( Â ± a twosome of hours ) the charge spreads throughout the volume of the cell, intending the interface charge of the cell is excessively low for the cell to really work. Likewise, if the cell is discharged rapidly it will look to be dead but it has merely lost its interface charge. Meaning after a few proceedingss wait, it should be able to work. If the battery is charged easy, over a long continuance of clip, so it will go more to the full charged ( than that of a fast charge ) . This is as a consequence of the interface charge holding more clip to redistribute itself into the volume of the electrodes and acerb electrolyte, every bit good as itself ( the interface charge ) being recharged. In add-on, if the cell is being discharged easy, so when the battery appears to be has died it most likely has been to the full discharged. Depth of discharge of Lead-acid batteries The deepness of discharge ( DOD ) of a cell is the per centum of the battery s current that it is discharged per hr. The optimal temperature a battery should be charged/discharged is around 25 A ; deg ; C ( 77 A ; deg ; F ) , anything higher and up until 50 A ; deg ; C ( 122 A ; deg ; F ) , is tolerable. The rhythm life of lead-acid batteries is precisely relative to the deepness of its discharges. Â ±200 rhythms after battery discharged to the full ( 100 % DOD ) Â ±500 rhythms after battery partial discharge ( 50 % DOD ) 1000+ rhythms after battery shallowly discharged ( DOD ) Lead-acid batteries are charged non be discharged over 1.75V/cell, nor should it be stored in a dismissed province. The cells of a dismissed lead-acid sulphate, a status that renders the battery useless if left in that province for a few yearss. Always keep the unfastened terminal electromotive force at 2.10V and higher. Charge and discharging of lithium- ion cells Dispatching Lithium-ion batteries merely works within the temperature bound of -20 A ; deg ; C to 60 A ; deg ; C ( -4 A ; deg ; F to 140 A ; deg ; F ) . The chemical reaction is reversed within the battery and the current flow is carried from the negative to the positive electrode by the motion of Li+ ions, through the non-aqueous electrolyte. The rhythm life of lithium-ion batteries is straight related to the battery s deepness of discharge, the higher the capacity of discharge, the less figure of rhythms it can travel through. Charging Lithium-ion cells requires an external electrical power beginning ( courser ) that applies a higher electromotive force but of equal difference ( usually 4.05V/cell ) to that developed by the battery s ain chemical science. This causes the current to flux in the opposite way, intending the Li ions migrate from the cathode to the anode, and they become intercalated in the porous electrode stuff of the cell, thereby refilling its charge. Charge and discharge rhythms in nickel- based batteries ( NiCd A ; NiMH ) The dependability every bit good as length of service of Nickel-based batteries flexible joints, preponderantly, on the quality of the courser. Nickel- based cells should ever stay cool when being charged as elevated temperatures shortens battery life. A rise in temperature can non be avoided due to the chemical reaction in the nickel-based cells, yet in order to be charged decently the spike in temperature has to be every bit short as possible. If the temperature of the battery remains higher than room temperature for an ample sum of clip, the battery should be removed, as it is non being charged right Nickel-based batteries can be charged at several different rates utilizing a assortment of coursers: Slow courser of nickel- based cells take between 14-16 hours at a fixed charge of 0.1C ( 1/10 of Ni cells 1C capacity ) this nevertheless causes crystalline formation within the cell, this causes the subsequent bead in electromotive force at that point in its charge rhythm where reloading began, as if the cell is being discharged Rapid Charger of nickel-based cells takes between 3-6 hours to to the full bear down, this courser switches the cell to dribble charge ( bear downing with a really little current ) when it is ready. Fast courser of nickel-based cells takes about one hr to bear down the battery ; this is the preferable manner to bear down nickel-based cells as it reduces crystalline formation or memory within the battery nevertheless, the battery is at a higher hazard of overcharging, which can damage the battery. However all new Nickel-based batteries should be trickle-charged for a twenty-four hours before being used as this ensures that all cells are every bit charged within the battery. Nickel Metal-hydride hitter The bear downing electromotive force of NiMH ranges between 1.4-1.6 V/cell to the full charged and 1.25 V/cell during discharge, down to about 1.0-1.1 V/cell Nickel Cd battery The bear downing electromotive force of NiCd is between 1.3 -1.4V per cell when to the full charged and about 0.8-1 V when discharged If the nickel-based batteries are discharged at a rate higher than 1c, the terminal of discharge point is lower than 0.9V a cell. This compensates for the electromotive force bead at higher temperatures induced by the internal opposition of the cell besides other factor which contribute to the bead ( iring, contact etc ) the lower point produces better capacity readings for the nickel-based cells when dispatching at lower temperatures. South African companies that manufacture batteries The Willard Battery Company is a to the full owned South African company that manufactures motor vehicle batteries and is located in Roodepoort, Port Elizabeth. The chief types of cell they manufacture are SLI lead-acid batteries for usage in powering the starter motor, visible radiations, and the ignition system of a auto s engine. First National battery is a battery maker that came approximately after the amalgamation of four smaller battery-manufacturing companies ( First national battery, Raylight, Oldham and Chloride ) . Their chief merchandises are SLI lead-acid batteries used in vehicles ( rider and commercial ) , mono-block lead-alloy batteries used in railroads, lead-alloy cells ( deep-cycle, RR, tubular and Solar ) used for as standby modesty batteries in marine vehicles and every bit good solar batteries. Deltec Power Distributors is a South African distributer of a broad assortment local and internationally produced high quality Lead-calcium auto batteries and standalones, since 1979. SABAT Batteries is portion of Powertech Batteries, a subdivision of the Altron Group South Africa. SABATS s chief operations include the industry and distribution of lead-acid cells, low-maintenance intercrossed lead-calcium cells, and maintenance-free Ca and normal Ca batteries Dixon Premium batteries is South African company founded in 1953 and is based in Vereeninging Johannesburg. Their chief merchandise is a 12-volt SMF lead-acid cell for usage in motor ( and/or other ) vehicles. Free Start Power is a Local company that manufactures SLI lead-acid batteries for the usage in vehicles ( commercial, rider and aquatic ) The Most Popular Types of Battery: The three most common and more popularly used types of batteries are the lithium-ion battery ( illustrations are in notebook computing machines and medical devices ) , nickel-based batteries ( such as in two way-radios and power-tools in the nickel-cadmium battery and laptop computing machines and nomadic phones in the nickel-metal-hydride battery ) , and of class the lead-acid battery ( largely found in wheelchairs, exigency illuming system and autos ) . Nickel-cadmium Battery: The nickel-cadmium battery consists of a Ni ( III ) oxide- hydrated oxide ( Ni ( OH ) 3 ) home base as the positive electrode ( the cathode ) , a Cd home base as the negative electrode ( the anode ) and an alkalic electrolyte normally made from K hydrated oxide ( KOH ) . There is besides a centrifuge that isolates the two electrode home bases. These are all rolled into a coiling form and enclosed in a shell utilizing a metal, self-sealing home base ( known as the jelly-roll design ) . This original cell design is what differentiates the nickel-cadmium battery from the older, more traditional alkaline cell. The construction of the nickel-cadmium cell allows more of the electrode to be in contact with the electrolyte, therefore take downing the internal opposition of the battery and increasing the maximal current that can be delivered, whereas in the alkaline cell a black lead rod is placed in a shell filled with the electrolyte, ensuing in a much smaller country of the electrode being in contact with the electrolyte. In a nickel-cadmium battery, the chemical reactions are as follows: Nickel electrode ( cathode ) : 2NiO ( OH ) + 2H2O + 2e? 2Ni ( OH ) 2 + 2OH? Cadmium electrode ( anode ) : Cd + 2OH? Cadmium ( OH ) 2 + 2e? Therefore, the net reaction in the cells of a nickel-cadmium battery is: 2NiO ( OH ) + Cd + 2H2O 2Ni ( OH ) 2 + Cd ( OH ) 2 When a nickel-cadmium cell is tested on a device such as a cell phone, it typically produces a really low internal opposition: approximately 155 milli-Ohms ( m? ) . This opposition is mostly affected by the province of charge the battery is in. The opposition is highest during two phases: when there is a low charge and instantly after bear downing. Therefore, the maximal possible current is really achieved after a period of remainder after the battery has been charged, with the internal opposition changing between 100 to 200 milli-Ohms, with the cell emf runing from 0.0 to 1.3V. Both the maximal current and the capacity of this cell are influenced by the internal opposition. As antecedently stated, the low opposition means that the nickel-cadmium cell can bring forth rather a high maximal current. The secondary cells that make up the nickel-cadmium battery each have a capacity of about 1.2 Volts ; hence a standard battery with a 7.2V capacity ( 6 cell battalion ) should bring forth around a 900 ma current without decreasing for a long period of clip. This ability of the battery to supply a high current for drawn-out periods makes it one of the most popular battery types. Nickel-metal-hydride Battery: The chief ( and perchance most separating ) difference between the nickel-metal-hydride battery and the nickel-cadmium battery is that the nickel-metal-hydride does nt utilize any toxic metals. Where the nickel-cadmium battery uses Cd to organize the hydrogen-absorbing anode, this battery uses an electrode made from a metal-hydride, typically an alloy mixture of Lanthanum, Ce, Nd, Pr and possible other rare-earth elements, every bit good as a metal that is normally cobalt, nickel, manganese and/or aluminum. This makes the metal-hydride anode an intermetallic compound. Lithium-ion Battery: The lithium-ion battery is one of the newest and fastest developing engineerings in the battery universe. As this cell was introduced to the populace shortly after the nickel-metal-hydride battery, some believe that the nickel-metal-hydride cell was a important measure in the development of the lithium-ion cell. In a lithium-ion cell, the electrodes ( anode and cathode ) are made from compounds which lithium can travel through. When Li is moved into the electrode it is called migration ; when it moves out it is called extraction. The motion of the Li, via the electrolyte, between the anode and the cathode depends on whether the cell is bear downing or dispatching. The ground lithium-ion is used alternatively of Li metal is that Li metal is extremely unstable when used in the batteries discharge and recharge rhythms, doing it really insecure for conventional usage. Therefore, this battery is a non-metallic battery. Lead-acid Battery: As the name suggests, this type of battery consists of two substances: Lead and an acid. There are two types of solid lead in the battery which form the two electrodes. The negative electrode ( anode ) is made from pure lead ( Pb ) while the positive electrode ( cathode ) is made from lead dioxide ( PbO2 ) . It is of import to retrieve that lead has an oxidization figure of 0, while lead dioxide is +4, as it is the alteration in these Numberss due to the reaction in the cells that will do a flow of electricity. The acid in the battery forms the electrolyte. This acid is the compound Sulfuric Acid ( H2SO4 ) , which is besides assorted with H2O ( H2O ) . This acid remains in the ionized signifier of two H+ protons and an SO42- ion. This is due to the fact that Sulfuric Acid will merely lose one of its protons when it comes into contact with the H2O, salvaging the other for reaction with the lead on either electrode. When the two electrodes are placed into the electrolyte and the circuit is completed, both electrodes will get down to organize a coating of lead sulphate ( PbSO4 ) around the original compound. Therefore, we can pull up the half reactions that define the chemical procedure in a lead-acid battery. A typical, conventional lead-acid battery consists of a 6V battalion, i.e. the battery has 6 cells in it, with each cell holding a capacity of 2 Volts ( voltage is equal to about 2.041 V in each cell ) . The internal opposition depends on the maximal electromotive force that is presently fluxing through the battery. In a to the full charged 12.6 Volt lead-acid battery, the internal opposition is about 10 milliohms. This really low opposition consequences in the high maximal current that the battery can bring forth. However, unlike the nickel-cadmium battery, it can merely bring forth this current for a really limited sum of clip ( 200 to 300 rhythms ) , after which the current will get down to decrease and internal opposition will get down to increase. The opposition is besides affected by the figure of cells in the battery, i.e. the more cells, the higher the joint internal opposition. The most common application of the lead-acid battery is the auto battery, besides known as a lead- acid collector. This type of battery ( normally 6V or 12V ) uses a dynamo to reload the battery and shop energy while the auto is turned off, so that it does nt run level. The Recycling and Disposal of Battery Components: Chelsey Moubray An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to change over stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Where make you utilize batteries? Batteries form an indispensable portion of mundane life. As consumers, we make regular usage of these electrical units to execute a assortment of different things. When talking about little electronic points, batteries are the most common systems that are used to power things such as cameras, cellular phones, tickers, laptops, remotes, most torchs and many other family points. Every auto is powered by an electrical auto battery that enables mobility and these batteries are considered one of the most of import intents of batteries. Alkaline batteries are used to power these monolithic auto batteries every bit good as wirelesss, carbon-zinc batteries for kids s drama playthings and torches. Lithium is chiefly used in batteries for things such as your camera, a reckoner or your ticker but sometimes quicksilver is besides used for these assorted points. Mercury is besides used for hearing AIDSs, which are besides powered by Ag and Zn batteries. Batteries are a really of import constituent in our twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lives. To set it merely, they make everything a batch easier for us. Introducing a whole new spectrum of electronic contraptions and equipment, we have easier ways to listen to music, cognize the clip, travel faster and even listen without excessively much trouble. To put to death these maps we need to take between two types of batteries that are used today ; Primary Batteries and Secondary Batteries. A Primary battery is more normally known as a disposable battery and can be used for portable devices that demand an immediate and direct current when switched on. The advantage for places is that these batteries are easy accessed but can merely be used one time and must be thrown off after. The other battery is non merely a better option for families but is besides a healthier option for the environment* . These Secondary batteries are besides know as rechargeable batteries, and must be charged earlier usage. These batteries can be used many times, as they are rechargeable and execute the same occupation as a Primary battery. In decision, we use batteries in many different countries but chiefly to power points that are a major portion of mundane life. Like we are dependent on our autos and our tickers for the clip, we are hence dependent on batteries. They form a big intent in our lives and must utilize safely. In order to verify this safety we must larn to dispose of our batteries right. How make you dispose of batteries? To get down with, there are few standard processs that should be followed when covering with batteries. Never dispose of batteries in a fire beginning because it is likely that they will detonate. Make certain neer to put batteries in a group because if they contain even a little sum of power, when banged together they may let go of a charge that could ensue in them catching fire which can hold annihilating consequences. When it is evident that a battery can no longer power its contraption, it must be removed instantly because it may leak. And in conclusion, neer place a battery in a pocket because it may split and do another escape. The first measure to the equal disposal of a battery is to put a powerless battery in some kind of container until you can right recycle it. Every battery is now considered to be risky waste. Because they contain really toxic metals such as Mercury, they have been classified as unsuitable to be thrown off as standard municipal solid waste. Batteries are non to be placed in communal dumps because there is a opportunity that these toxic metals can hold a serious and ageless consequence on the environing environment. * Some of the batteries that are required to be accurately disposed of are batteries that can be found in ; power tools, Mobiles, assorted proctors, portable lamps, fact-finding electronic cogwheel, torchs etc. The new disposal demand applies to all types and all sizes of batteries, including but non limited to: Alkaline, Nickel metal hydride ( Ni-MH ) , Nickel-cadmium ( Ni-Cd ) , Silver button ( Ag ) , Mercury ( Hg ) , sealed lead acid ( Pb ) , Wet lead acid, Carbon-zinc, and Lithium Ion. There are a figure of standard alkaline batteries that are non classified as harmful and can be thrown off as regular family waste but it is recommended for the batteries incorporating Li, mercuric, oxide, nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride and Ag oxide to be recycled. Most recycling countries contain a section for electrical batteries but it is best to reach your municipality to happen out where most suited to travel. As the celebrated Duracell battery company stated, Proven cost-efficient and environmentally safe recycling procedures are non yet universally available for alkalic batteries. Some communities offer recycling or aggregations of alkalic batteries- contact your local authorities for disposal patterns in your country. Impact of Batteries: What is the impact of batteries on world? Clearly there is both an inexorable negative and positive impact of batteries on world. The basic positive impact is that everything is a batch easier for worlds. There are legion activities that have been made possible for us through the creative activity of batteries. For illustration: Car Batteries: Car batteries have made mobility possible. Without this innovation we would neer be able to depend on such a dependable, easy accessible and speedy signifier of conveyance. The debut of cars has made a enormously positive impact on human sort. Proctors: There are assorted types of proctors that are used today, one of the most common being the standard infirmary bosom proctor. These proctors are responsible for maintaining people alive. As a beginning of instruction and scrutiny, these have formed an improbably critical portion of the medical universe. Watchs: Without batteries we would neer hold portable redstem storksbills that can be used to easy entree the clip. Although non a compulsory indispensable, tickers have been said to be one of the most of import constructs on a little graduated table. As mentioned in the old subdivision, there are 100s of other manufactured electronic creative activities that have been made possible by the debut of batteries. These creative activities have formed a critical portion in world development over the last few decennaries. Without the constitution of batteries, the mechanical universe would neer hold progressed and reached the critical degree that it has reached. Enabling immense scientific discoveries and finds, batteries have formed the foundation blocks of our society and go on to enable extended surveies and research. Although batteries have facilitated a big scope of finds and activities, they besides have a negative impact on world. One of the most outstanding negative impacts is the dependence on electronic contraptions. As a embryologic universe we have developed over many centuries, get downing with a really rural province and turning into a mechanical industrial universe extremely dependent of engineering. Included in this engineering is the battery. As said earlier, as one of the foundation blocks of society, communities have become mostly dependent on batteries for necessities such as transit and work, but besides less indispensable activities including amusement and leisure. As a planetary community we have survived in fortunes far more utmost than today without the aid of batteries and futuristic engineering, so it is apparent that although accommodating, batteries can be considered unneeded and therefore can be seen as a negative impact of world. The 2nd more outstanding negative impact of batteries is their increasing injury to the environment. What is the impact of batteries on the environment? Unfortunately the effects of batteries on the environment are negative. As batteries are burned they pollute every bit good as vaporise the air. When they are released into the ocean they pollute our seas and as they are thrown into dump countries their toxic ingredients are left to ooze into the dirt doing monolithic and annihilating harm to our natural eco system. The toxins in these batteries that are leached into the land when inadequately diposed of can pollute works and carnal life every bit good as land H2O for up to 50 old ages. This ageless rhythm of taint causes a immense disturbance in our environments natural nutrient concatenation and web. When consumed, these toxic chemicals are highly damaging to worlds, workss and animate beings. Childs are extremely affected by this procedure, and are most susceptible to damage. Often the consequences of this consumption are disquieted cardinal nervous systems, psychological lack and acquisition disablements. The exposure to these unsafe chemicals has a drawn-out consequence on the environment. Because any chemical or metal is potentially unsafe, they should neer be deposited in the land. Harmonizing to an independent Gallic survey commissioned by rechargeable battery maker, Uniross, it is stated that by replacing disposable batteries with rechargeable batteries we can extinguish 99000 metric tons waste in Europe and 330 00 metric tons worldwide. The usage of disposable batteries is a go oning factor of planetary heating. Disposable batteries take up 23 times more no-renewable resources doing them a outstanding facet of clime alteration. These batteries besides have a big impact on air acidification. This means that these batteries contribute to the physique up of souring substances in the atoms in suspension in the ambiance. This accretion is formed as rain and has a strong negative influence on dirts and ecosystems. The three worst chemical toxins found in batteries are lead, Cd and quicksilver. These have the worst consequence on the environment. Through the equal disposal of batteries, we can successfully construct up on a healthy ecosystem. It is said that every individual battery that is disposed of in an wrong manner will stop up in leaching into the land effecting and full concatenation of being finally set uping yourself. Decision: In decision, it is safe to state that, in reply to our research inquiry, there is no 1 battery that is superior to all others. Batteries are designed for specific intents ; hence each battery is different in their features and is suited for a certain undertaking. For illustration, a lead-acid collector in a auto could non be used in a torch like a nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal-hydride battery. Although some batteries may be more powerful in footings of current or opposition, it is merely because the usage of that battery requires those qualities. In footings of environmental and human impact, it seems that all batteries are harmful if non disposed of decently and safely, although some may be more harmful than others depending on the toxicity of the metals involved in fabricating it. Reference list: Luca Miceli: Willard- the power of technology.2009 proficient Info ( online ) Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.willard.co.za/wcontent.nsf/techinfo? openpage 22/02/2010 Willard- the power of technology.2010 Company history ( Online ) Available: www.willard.co.za/wcontent.nsf/history? openpage 22/02/2010 First National Battery- through caring we lead.2004-2009 Merchandises and their utilizations ( online ) Available: www.battery.co.za 22/02/2010 Dixon Premium batteries.2009. Company profile ( online ) Available: www.dixonbatteries.co.za 22/02/2010 Sabat- it starts s with Sabat! 2009. 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Vocabulaire Du Métro - French Subway Vocabulary

Vocabulaire Du Mà ©tro - French Subway Vocabulary Le meÃŒ tro parisien est la facÃŒ §on la plus simple et la plus rapide de voyager aÌ€ Paris et dans sa treÌ€s proche banlieue. Le meÃŒ tro marche tous les jours, de 5h30 du matin aÌ€ minuit et demi environ, c’est un train souterrain qui s’arreÌ‚te automatiquement aÌ€ chaque station. Il faut parfois que vous appuyez sur le bouton de la porte pour l’ouvrir. The Parisian subway is the fastest and easiest way to travel around Paris and in the nearby suburbs. The metro runs every day from 5:30 a.m. until around 12:30 a.m. It is an underground train that stops automatically at each station. It is sometimes necessary that you press the button on the door to open it. Le Tram Le tram est aÌ€ peu preÌ€s la meÌ‚me chose que le meÃŒ tro, sauf qu’il est aÌ€ l’exteÃŒ rieur, sur des rails dans la rue. The tram is almost the same thing as the subway except that it is above-ground and runs on rails in the street. Le RER Le RER est un train plus rapide, qui couvre de plus grandes distances et va dans les banlieues proches de Paris. Attention qu’il existe des trains express qui ne s’arreÌ‚tent pas aÌ€ toutes les stations. The RER is a faster train that travels greater distances and goes to the nearby Paris suburbs. Be careful, as there are express trains that do not stop at all the stations. And now, lets study the related vocabulary. Un ticket de meÃŒ tro : a ticketUn carnet de ticket : a book of tickets (usually ten)Un titre de transport : a ticket (more official)Un abonnement : a subscription, a pass  PoincÃŒ §onner / composter : to validateUn controÌ‚le : a check pointUn controÌ‚leur : a subway agentUne amende : a fineUn guichet : a boothUn bureau de tabac : a store where you buy tobaccoUn kiosque à  journaux : a newspaper standUne ligne de meÃŒ tro : a subway lineUn terminus : the last stopSouterrain : undergroundUn quai : a platformUne rame : a subway trainUne voiture : a train carUne correspondance : a connectionUn couloir : a corridorDes escaliers : stairsDes escaliers roulants : escalatorsUn plan de meÃŒ tro : a subway mapUn sieÌ€ge : a seatUn strapontin : a folding seatLes rails : rails To be informed of new articles, make sure you subscribe to my newsletter (its easy, you just enter your email address - look for it its somewhere on the French language homepage) or follow me on my social network pages below. As usual, Ill be posting daily mini lessons and tips on my  Facebook, Twitter  and  Pinterest  pages - so join me there!